There are no patents, products in development or marketed products to declare. However, this affiliation arose after the conclusion of this study. doi: 10.32873/unl.dr.20200825.įunding: Financial support of this research was provided, in part, by the University of Nebraska Agriculture Research Division of the Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources and the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NEB-28-112) to S.E.Ĭompeting interests: Author AA is employed by Terramera Inc. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: UNL Data Repository.
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Received: Accepted: MaPublished: April 27, 2021Ĭopyright: © 2021 Kodati et al. PLoS ONE 16(4):Įditor: Vijai Gupta, Tallinn University of Technology, ESTONIA are native to the sandhills grasslands and an emerging pathogen of crops cultivated may have survived in the soil and originate from grasslands.Ĭitation: Kodati S, Adesemoye AO, Yuen GY, Volesky JD, Everhart SE (2021) Origin of agricultural plant pathogens: Diversity and pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia fungi associated with native prairie grasses in the Sandhills of Nebraska. Thus, it is presumed that Rhizoctonia spp. solani AG-4 shown to be highly aggressive (86% disease severity). Among those, three isolates were cross-pathogenic on soybean, with R. On native grasses, all but two isolates were either mildly aggressive (causing 5–21% disease severity) or aggressive (21–35% disease severity). Disease severity was assessed for representative isolates of each AG in a greenhouse assay using sand bluestem, needle-and-thread, and soybean prairie sandreed and little bluestem were unable to germinate under artificial conditions. Obtained were 17 Rhizoctonia-like isolates identified, including five isolates of binucleate Rhizoctonia AG-F two isolates each from binucleate Rhizoctonia AG-B, AG-C, and AG-K, Rhizoctonia solani AGs: AG-3, and AG-4 one isolate of binucleate Rhizoctonia AG-L, and one isolate of R. The samples included soil and symptomatic roots from the four dominant native grasses: sand bluestem, little bluestem, prairie sandreed, and needle-and-thread. In 20, a total of 84 samples were collected from 11 sites in the Sandhills, located in eight counties of Nebraska. on four native grasses in the Sandhills of Nebraska and determine pathogenicity to native grasses and soybean. This study aimed to evaluate the diversity of Rhizoctonia spp. The anamorphic genus Rhizoctonia includes genetically diverse organisms that are known to be necrotrophic fungal pathogens, saprophytes, mycorrhiza of orchids, and biocontrol agents.
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and once dominated regions are currently cultivated croplands, so it stands to reason that some of the current plant pathogens of cultivated crops originated from grasslands, particularly soilborne plant pathogens.
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Grasslands are the most widespread vegetation in the U.S. The Sandhills of Nebraska is a complex ecosystem, covering 50,000 km 2 in central and western Nebraska and predominantly of virgin grassland.